To resolve this, download, click and install vc_redist.x64.exe and then install 10.4.13.
The reason for this behavior is Vista/Win7 file system redirection. Writes to protected locations (in this case a subdirectory of Program Files) are redirected to the user's so-called "Virtual Store".
Workarounds:
Run mysqld.exe as service. See answer here on how to create a MariaDB service.
Run mysqld.exe from the elevated command prompt.
Change the ACL of the data directory and add full control for the current user.
Running mysql_install_db.exe
from a standard command prompt might cause the error:
FATAL ERROR: OpenSCManager failed
To get rid of it, use the elevated command prompt, for example on Windows 7 start it via 'Run as administrator' option.
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may not start on Windows. See MDEV-22555.
Recent versions of MariaDB may not install on unsupported Windows versions. See to find the final supported versions.
The Windows installer for and higher will set the data directory ACL to include full access rights for the user who runs the setup to prevent this issue from happening.